LLUSD - Chapter 14 - Factors Governing Bone Growth and Repair Stem cells are sometimes called prodromal cells because they express osteocalcin, osteonectin, and alkaline phosphatase which are markers for immature cells (indicating they can be targeted and programmed by cytokines to become osteoblasts).*TrueFalseAutocrines effect only the cells that produced them.*TrueFalseThe presence of infection or intense inflammation has no effect on the cytokine induction process.*TrueFalseTwo types of paracrines are: mitogenic cytokines and morphogenetic cytokines.*TrueFalseThere is no decrease in the number of stem cells in the marrow with age.*TrueFalseMitogenic paracrines induce stems cells to become osteoblasts and form bone.*TrueFalseA suitable carrier (material used to deliver the bone-inducing cytokine to the area where bone regeneration is needed) is critical to the success of bone regeneration.*TrueFalseStem cells are located in the marrow vascular spaces and the periosteum.*TrueFalsePlatelet rich plasma is as effective in the formation of bone as BMPs.*TrueFalseThe best and most effective osteoblastic inducer of cells is through the Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs).*TrueFalseParacrines act on adjacent cells in the same area. or extraosseous.*TrueFalseThe regeneration of bone is brought about by a system of proteins (called cytokines) interacting to induce stem cells and other undifferentiated cells to form cells such as fibroblasts, blood vessels, and bone tissue itself.*TrueFalseBy molecular cloning, at least 6 related members of the BMP family have been identified (BMP-2 through BMP-7).*TrueFalseThere are 5 forms of cytokines healing.*TrueFalseParacrines are the protein cytokines that are of interest in the regeneration of bone.*TrueFalseAfter a surgical insult, soft tissue heals itself by "repair" whereas osseous tissue tends to "rengenerate" itself in the same form that existed prior to surgery.*TrueFalse
